this article examines the basic assumption of rational expectations hypothesis on iran's economy from 1966 to 2003. this assumption suggests the neutrality or ineffectiveness of money policy on the development of real variables of production and employment. the results from estimation of production equation do not support the significant influence of unanticipated component of money growth...

The relation between money and price has unique relevance in price stability. Rational expectations theorists hold that both anticipated and unanticipated money supply affect price level. This paper addresses this issue and enquires if anticipated and unanticipated money supplies have any role in the variations in whole sale and consumer prices (WPI & CPI) in India over the period 1992:Q1 to 20...

This paper presents a theory of inflation in an economy with commodity money and supports it by evidence from the inflationary episodes in France during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The paper shows that commodity money can be inflated similarly to fiat money through repeated debasements, which act like devaluation. Furthermore, as with fiat money, demand for commodity money falls wit...

This paper uses the Granger causality method to test on United Kingdom data the relationship between income velocity and unanticipated and anticipated money supply and their respective volatilities over the period 1966-88. The results suggest that unanticipated and anticipated money supply and the volatility of these variables did not help predict income velocity and thus were not important fac...

Organizations operate more effectively when managers trust their employees. In many cases, however, managers and their employees have divergent interests. One common managerial approach to address the problem of misaligned incentives involves monitoring employee behavior. In this paper, we investigate how monitoring changes the behavior of both those who are monitored and those who monitor othe...

Time and money are scarce and precious resources: people experience stress about having insufficient time, and worry about having insufficient money. This chapter reviews research showing that the ways in which people spend their time and money, the tradeoffs that people make between having more time or having more money, and the extent to which people focus on each resource can have a signific...

The data in Fehr and Tyran (2001) and Petersen and Winn (2014) show that money illusion plays an important role in nominal price adjustment after a fully anticipated negative monetary shock. Money illusion affects subjects’ expectations, and causes pronounced nominal inertia after a negative shock but much less inertia after a positive shock. Thus Petersen and Winn (2014) provide a misleading i...

Many issues that were traditionally analyzed using the Baumol-Tobin model can also be analyzed, perhaps more easily, using the Lucas (1980) cash-in-advance model where money serves both as a medium of exchange and as a store of value. This is illustrated by three examples (implications) of the Lucas model: (i) the velocity of money is time varying, volatile, and in‡ation-dependent; (ii) transit...